Phylogenetic analysis of human G9P[8] rotavirus strains circulating in Jiangsu,China between 2010 and 2016

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age worldwide. G9P[8] is a common RVA genotype that has been persistently prevalent in Jiangsu, China. To determine the genetic diversity of G9P[8] RVAs, 7 representative G9P[8] strains collected from Suzhou Children’s Hospital between 2010 and 2016 (named JS2010‐JS2016) were analyzed through whole‐genome sequencing. All evaluated strains showed the Wa‐like constellation G9‐P[8]‐I1‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A1‐N1‐T1‐E1‐H1. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP7 genes of all strains clustered into lineage G9‐III and G9‐VI. With the exception of strain JS2012 (P[8]‐4), the VP4 sequences of all strains belonged to the P[8]‐3 lineage. Sequencing further revealed that amino acid substitutions were present in the antigenic regions of the VP7 and VP4 genes of all strains. Moreover, there were multiple substitutions in antigenic sites I and II of the nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) genes, whereas the other NSP genes were relatively conserved. In conclusion, our phylogenetic analysis of these 7 G9P[8] strains suggests that RVA varied across regions and time. Therefore, our findings suggest that continued surveillance is necessary to explore the molecular evolutionary characteristics of RVA for better prevention and treatment of acute viral gastroenteritis.     

Lentiviral Vectors and Adeno‐Associated Virus Vectors: Useful Tools for Gene Transfer in Pain Research

Pain, especially chronic pain, has always been a heated point in both basic and clinical researches since it puts heavy burdens on both individuals and the whole society. A better understanding of the role of biological molecules and various ionic channels involved in pain can shed light on the mechanism under pain and advocate the development of pain management. Using viral vectors to transfer specific genes at targeted sites is a promising method for both research and clinical applications. Lentiviral vectors and adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors which allow stable and long‐term expression of transgene in non‐dividing cells are widely applied in pain research. In this review, we thoroughly outline the structure, category, advantages and disadvantages and the delivery methods of lentiviral and AAV vectors. The methods through which lentiviral and AAV vectors are delivered to targeted sites are closely related with the sites, level and period of transgene expression. Focus is placed on the various delivery methods applied to deliver vectors to spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion both of which play important roles in primary nociception. Our goal is to provide insight into the features of these two viral vectors and which administration approach can be chosen for different pain researches. Anat Rec, 301:825–836, 2018. © 2017 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.     

Predictive risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with small size non-small cell lung cancer

Background

Accurate clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential for developing an optimal treatment strategy. This study aimed to determine the predictive risk factors for lymph node metastasis, including both N1 and N2 metastases, in clinical T1aN0 NSCLC patients.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated clinical T1aN0M0 NSCLC patients who showed no radiologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and who had undergone surgical pulmonary resection with systematic mediastinal node dissection or sampling at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2011 and June 2013. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for node metastasis.

Results

Pathologically positive lymph nodes were found in 16.2% (51/315) of the patients. Positive N1 nodes were found in 12.4% (39/315) of the patients, and positive N2 nodes were identified in 13.0% (41/315) of the patients. Some 9.2% (29/315) of the patients had both positive N1 and N2 nodes, and 3.8% (12/315) of the patients had nodal skip metastasis. Variables of preoperative radiographic tumor size, non-upper lobe located tumors, high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and micropapillary predominant adenocarcinoma (AC) were identified as predictors for positive N1 or N2 node multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Pathologically positive lymph nodes were common in small size NSCLC patients with clinical negative lymph nodes. Therefore, preoperative staging should be performed more thoroughly to increase accuracy, especially for patients who have the larger size, non-upper lobe located, high CEA level or micropapillary predominant ACs.     

关于血细胞计数仪白细胞分类的评价

美国Coulter 有集团公司生产的JT3型血球计数仪能计数全血细胞同时也能得出白细胞分类的结果.我们用此仪器测试258份门诊病人静脉血标本,同人工显微镜检查结果进行了比较.证明此仪器淋巴细胞和粒细胞的分析结果准确可靠,相关系数分别为0.951和0.930,单核细胞相关系数为0.468.对于嗜酸和嗜碱细胞增高,此仪器可作出定性提示,准确性较高.可疑有异常细胞的标本,此仪器能在报告上示出报警信号,阳性率为22%,其中真阳性占32%.假阴性结果占阴性标本的0.5%.JT3计数仪操作简便,分析标本速度快,白细胞分类结果可以作为常规血液检查的筛选手段.     

鲑鱼降钙素两种不同注射方法副反应观察

随着老年人口的不断增长，骨质疏松症已成为一个世界范围的、日趋严重地影响人们健康的重要问题，其发病率已跃居各种常见病的第7位。原发性骨质疏松症包括绝经后骨质疏松症和老年性骨质疏松症，是一种低骨量（即单位体积骨量减少，矿盐和骨基质均减少，但二者的比例正常）和骨微细结构破坏，致使骨的脆性增加而容易发生骨折的全身性骨骼疾病。而疼痛是骨质疏松症最常见、最主要的临床表现之一。鲑鱼降钙素是人工合成的，注射后绝对生物利用度约为70％，能有效减轻骨质疏松症疼痛，但注射后不良反应也日益受到医护人员的重视。现对采用两种不同方法注射鲑鱼降钙素病人不良反应的观察报告如下。     

H. pylori CagA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to promote gastric cancer cell migration and invasion

Objective

The CagA (cytotoxin-related gene A, CagA) protein is an important factor for the pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Although H. pylori has previously been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, it remains unclear what role CagA plays in this process. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CagA on NLRP3 activation and how it is linked to gastric cancer cell migration and invasion.

Methods

CagA positive H. pylori strain (Hp/CagA⁺) and CagA gene knockout mutant (Hp/ΔCagA) infected and the pcDNA3.1/CagA plasmid transfected gastric epithelial cell lines, respectively. The morphological alterations of cells under a microscope; the NLRP3 inflammasome-related markers: NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC protein levels were detected by Western blot, IL-1β and IL-18 levels were determined by ELISA; cell migration and invasion were determined by transwell assay; and the pyroptosis levels and intracellular ROS were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Then, pretreated with 5 mM NAC for 2 h and subsequently transfected with the pcDNA3.1/CagA plasmid for 48 h, the effects of NAC pretreatment on CagA-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-related markers expression and cell pyroptosis were examined, finally assessed the effect of CagA on migration and invasion in NLRP3-silenced cells.

Results

We found that Hp/CagA⁺ strain infection and pcDNA3.1/CagA vector transfection result in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, generation of intracellular ROS, and increased invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, we found that ROS inhibition via NAC effectively blocks NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis. Silencing of NLRP3 reduces the effects of CagA on gastric cancer cell migration and invasion.

Conclusion

Our study shows that CagA can promote the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells by activating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of gastric cancer induction by H. pylori.

     

基于数据驱动的冠状动脉微循环阻力快速计算方法

目的 开发一种基于数据驱动的冠状动脉微循环阻力快速计算方法。 方法 构建和优化神经网络对冠状动 脉进行截面积特征提取,利用截面积特征、异速标度律和流量分配比例快速计算冠状动脉分支末端的微循环阻力, 并基于微循环阻力无创计算血流储备分数。 结果 为了验证神经网络的有效性,将 40 个临床收集的冠状动脉分 支测量的截面积特征与神经网络预测的结果进行比较,平均绝对误差为 1. 08 mm2 。 为了验证微循环阻力值的准确 性,将 15 位患者的临床血流储备分数与利用微循环阻力值计算的血流储备分数进行比较,计算准确性为 86. 6% 。 结论 本文提出的冠状动脉微循环阻力快速计算方法具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

重症急性胰腺炎大鼠p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的表达与肺毛细血管内皮屏障损伤

目的研究p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38MAPK）在重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）大鼠肺组织中的表达情况,并初步探讨p38MAPK与SAP肺毛细血管内皮屏障损伤的关系。方法将40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机（随机数字表法）分为假手术（SO）组和SAP组,SAP组又再分为3、6、12及24 h 4个时间点组,共5组,每组8只。采用胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠的方法建立SAP大鼠模型。采用HE染色方法观察大鼠肺和胰腺组织的病理学改变;采用ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平;采用免疫组化染色方法检测肺组织中磷酸化p38（p-p38）蛋白和水通道蛋白1（AQP1）的表达水平;采用实时定量荧光PCR法（real-time PCR）检测肺组织中AQP1 mRNA的表达水平。结果 SAP各时间点组大鼠肺组织充血水肿,炎症细胞浸润;胰腺组织可见大片坏死,部分腺叶结构模糊甚至消失;血清TNF-α和IL-1β水平均较SO组高（P〈0.05）。SO组大鼠肺组织中p-p38蛋白仅有微量表达,而在SAP3 h组,p-p38蛋白的表达就明显上调,在6 h时达高峰,24 h时仍高于SO组（P〈0.05）。SAP各时间点组大鼠肺组织中AQP1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平均较SO组下降（P〈0.05）,并随着时间的推移而逐渐下降;SAP组大鼠AQP1 mRNA的表达与TNF-α、IL-1β及p-p38蛋白之间均存在负相关关系（r=-0.87,P〈0.05;r=-0.88,P〈0.05;r=-0.78,P〈0.05）。结论肺组织中AQP1蛋白表达的下调是SAP肺毛细血管内皮屏障损伤的重要原因之一,其可能与p38MAPK的激活及炎症因子的过度释放有关。     

慢性肾脏疾病患者血清IL-2水平及其临床意义

目的 :探讨检测慢性肾脏疾病 (CKD)患者血清白细胞介素 - 2 (IL - 2 )水平的临床意义。方法 :CKD 6 6例。正常对照组 2 0例。用放射免疫法测定血清IL - 2水平。常规检测其他相关临床指标。分析血清IL - 2水平与肾功能、心血管病变及其他临床资料 (包括血脂、钙磷等 )的关系。结果 :(1)肾功能 3、4、5级患者血清IL - 2水平较正常对照组及肾功能 2级显著升高 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,相关分析结果表明 ,CKD患者血清IL - 2水平与Scr呈显著正相关 (r=0 .4 4 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与Ccr呈显著负相关 (r =- 0 .30 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )有心血管病变组血清IL - 2水平显著升高于无心血管病变组 (P <0 .0 0 3) ,高血清IL - 2组心血管病变发生率显著高于正常血清IL - 2组 (P <0 .0 1) ;(3) 4 0例肾功能 2～ 5级的CKD患者血清IL - 2水平与甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、磷呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与血钙呈显著负相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,与年龄、病程、血压、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血红蛋白、白蛋白无显著相关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,进一步逐步回归分析示血清IL - 2水平依次与血钙、内生肌酐清除率、甘油三酯关系最为密切。结论 :CKD患者血清IL - 2水平升高 ,这可能与肾功能减退时严重代谢紊乱 (包括高脂、低钙等 )引起的T细胞     

口腔科医护人员职业暴露防护措施的现状调查及对策

目的调查口腔科医护人员治疗过程中的防护，以完善防护措施。方法以问卷形式调查50名在职的口腔医护人员。结果被调查的50名医护人员当中，44名医护人员发生过针刺伤，发生率为88％。在针刺伤后采取正确处理方法占81．8%，上报并注射疫苗占2％，正确使用面罩、防护镜占10％。结论医护人员对职业暴露有一定的认识，但防护措施不力。因此，加强职业防护知识培训，建立健全的规章制度，是当前医院职业暴露的重要课题。